Atypical Applications of Neuromodulation for Non-Painful Conditions: A Narrative Review

Ashlyn Brown, MD, MBA, MS 1, Loc Lam, DO 1, Billy Huh, MD, PhD 2, Ryan S. D’ Souza, MD 3, Saba Javed, MD2

1 Baylor College of Medicine, H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Houston, TX, 2 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pain Medicine, Houston, TX

3 Mayo Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, MN

Background

Neuromodulation, traditionally used in pain management, is now being explored for treating various non-painful conditions. Advancements have expanded its application to heart failure, renal failure, spinal cord injuries, overactive bladder syndrome, and cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases.

Materials and Methods

This narrative review synthesizes current research on neuromodulation techniques, including dorsal root ganglion stimulation, sacral neurostimulation, and deep brain stimulation, evaluating their potential benefits and mechanisms in non-painful conditions.

Heart & Renal Failure

Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation:

Induces diuresis in diuretic-resistant patients.

 

Spinal Cord Injuries & Paralysis

Epidural Stimulation & Brain-Spine Interface:

Restores motor function and enhances mobility.

 

Overactive Bladder Syndrome

Sacral & Tibial Nerve Stimulation:

Improves urinary continence and reduces symptoms.

 

Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Deep Brain & Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation:

Enhances cognitive and motor functions in neurodegenerative diseases e.g. Parkinson’s and Alzheimers