Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare and heterogeneous disease, with an overall survival of approximately 70% and a relapse rate of 30%. The current WHO classification recognizes entities defined by specific cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, which determine risk stratification and adapted therapy. In terms of clinical impact, adult classification systems, cannot be completely transferred to the classification of childhood AML, because risk associations are different according to age. Also, the distribution of RUNX1-RUNXT1, PML-RARA, CBFB-MYH11 and KMT2A-MLLT3 in the pediatric population with AML in many countries of Latin America is poorly unknown.