Title:

Exploring Solketal Levulinate (SoLE) as a Promising Biodiesel Cold Flow Enhancement Agent

 

Abstract:

In this study, we explored SoLE, a novel glycerol derivative, as a cold flow enhancer for palm biodiesel, a by-product of the biodiesel industry. SoLE was added to palm biodiesel at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 20%, and we conducted a comprehensive analysis of key parameters: density, kinematic viscosity, pour point (PP), cloud point (CP), and cold flow plugging point (CFPP). The results revealed that incorporating 0.5% to 2.5% SoLE into palm biodiesel lowered density to meet EN ISO 12185 standards. Kinematic viscosity improved within the acceptable range of 3.5 to 5 mm²/s when SoLE was added below 5%. Blending 15-20% SoLE with palm biodiesel reduced pour and cloud points by 2-6°C, while CFPP showed limited improvement, decreasing by just 1°C. Notably, a 15% SoLE addition significantly enhanced the cold flow properties of palm biodiesel, except for CFPP. Overall, SoLE demonstrates promise as an effective additive to enhance palm biodiesel performance.