Mapping the differential role of small vessel disease in aging and dementia: Automatic quantification tools of small vessel disease markers show moderate-to-strong agreement with visual ratings. Best performance was found for white matter hyperintensities, followed by cerebral microbleeds and perivascular spaces. Associations among regional markers differed between a population-based and a memory clinic cohort. Greater small vessel disease burden generally corresponded with worse cognitive outcomes, with associations being more pronounced for WMH than the other markers.