Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and/or elevated neurofilament light (NfL), a neurodegeneration biomarker, are at increased risk of dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions offer a promising strategy for reducing dementia risk, yet few studies have examined NfL as a marker of response in dementia prevention trials. The study investigates the effects of two non-pharmacological interventions on plasma NfL and p-tau181 in older adults with SCD.

The Health Self Management Progremme produced a significant reduction in NfL over 6 months, while p-tau181 increased similarly across both Health Self Managemetn programme and Mindfulness interventions. Longer interventions, extended follow-up, and clinical endpoints are needed to clarify whether reductions in NfL are durable and whether such changes translate into lowered dementia incidence.