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Alzheimer's Association International Conference 2026

July 12-15, 2026 | London, United Kingdom, and Online

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3904

A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Of Ethnic And Regional Differences In Blood-based Biomarkers For Alzheimer’s Disease

Poster Presenter

Xiaoxi Ma

Authors

Xiaoxi Ma, Gurpreet Hansra, Tharusha Jayasena, John Crawford, Anne Poljak, Perminder Sachdev

Affiliations

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

Part of Topic

Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease across ethnoracially diverse cohorts and health-care contexts: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiaoxi Ma, Gurpreet Kaur Hansra, Tharusha Jayasena, John D Crawford, Anne Poljak, Perminder S Sachdev

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

BACKGROUNDS

Blood-based biomarkers could transform Alzheimer disease (AD) detection by enabling scalable, less invasive assessment of underlying pathology, yet their applicability across globally diverse populations remains uncertain. 

METHODS

•Systematic review and meta-analysis of 168 publications comprising 139 independent cohorts.
•Studies included populations from Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Oceania.
•Random-effects meta-analyses pooled log-transformed ratios of mean biomarker concentrations.
•Comparisons:

     AD vs CU

     MCI vs CU

     Aβ-PET+ vs Aβ-PET−

RESULTS

•p-tau217, p-tau181 and GFAP showed the largest and most consistent group differences.
•Across subgroup analyses, p-tau181, GFAP, NfL and Aβ42/Aβ40 showed broadly consistent directional changes across populations.
•In clinical comparisons, MCI/CU p-tau181 ratios were lower in predominantly Asian than White cohorts. AD/CU GFAP ratios were higher in predominantly Asian than White cohorts.
•No significant between-population differences were observed in Aβ-PET-defined comparisons.

CONCLUSIONS

•Leading blood biomarkers show robust AD-related signals across studied
•Harmonized, pathology-confirmed validation in underrepresented populations is needed before equitable clinical implementation.

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