Titanium particle debris is implicated in disease as well as mechanical issues with dental implants.

It has been found in all new dental implants contain titanium particles a result from machining issues. Titianium has  also been found in-vivo when wear occurs between different types of titainium- ie screw and implant. Particles less than 5 miccrons can activate an inflammatory mechanism, mediated by M1 macrophages-inciting bone loss. Larger particles increase friction and may limit the ability to provide adequate screw preload, resulting in premature screw failure. A protocol is developed to assist in cleaning the inside of dental implants.